The Z score tells you how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean. It is widely used in physiotherapy research for standardizing measurements and comparing data across different scales.
Formula
Z = (X - Mean) / Standard Deviation
Normal Range
Z=0: At mean | Z=±1: 68% of data | Z=±2: 95% of data | Z=±3: 99.7% of data
Clinical Use
Research data analysis, normative comparisons, outcome measure interpretation.
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